In recent years, the importance of preserving cultural identity through language has become increasingly evident. This is especially true in Qatar as the government recognizes the crucial role of language in maintaining national heritage. Qatari legislation protects the Arabic language, ensuring its use in all official and legal contexts. This commitment is enshrined in various laws, safeguarding the status of Arabic not only as the country’s official language but also as a vital tool for communication within the legal and governmental systems.
Constitutional Framework for the Arabic Language
- Article 1 of the Permanent Constitution of the State of Qatar establishes Qatari Arabic as the country’s official language. This reflects the nation’s commitment to using Arabic as the primary language in official matters.
- Article 68 of the Code of Civil and Commercial Procedure further emphasizes the importance of Arabic by stating that the language of the courts in Qatar is Arabic. In cases where witnesses or parties involved in court proceedings do not speak Arabic, an interpreter must be appointed to translate accurately.
Courts in Qatar do not accept documents written in any language other than Arabic unless translated. This ensures that all legal systems in Qatar remain consistent with the state’s language.
Legislative Acts to Protect the Arabic Language
In 2019, Qatar introduced Act No. 7, which aims to protect the Arabic language. This law includes 13 articles that mandate all government agencies to use, support, and safeguard the Arabic language. It emphasizes the following:
- Arabic as the Language of Legislation, Education, and Research: Government bodies are required to ensure Arabic is used in all legislative documents, educational materials, and research publications.
- Penalties for Violations: Violators of these provisions face fines up to 50,000 Qatari Riyals, reinforcing the country’s commitment to preserving the Arabic language.
Consumer Protection Law and the Use of Arabic
Qatar’s Consumer Protection Act No. 8 of 2008 also safeguards the use of Arabic, especially in business transactions with consumers.
- Article 7 mandates that invoices, receipts, and other documents related to consumer transactions must be provided in Arabic. This ensures that consumers understand their rights and obligations in their native language.
- Article 4 of the Rules of Procedure further details the obligations of service providers to issue invoices in Arabic that include:
- Provider’s name and address
- Type and price of goods or services
- Delivery date
- Signature or seal of the provider
Penalties for Non-Compliance
Article 18 of the Consumer Protection Act has been amended twice. Under Act No. 7 of 2018, the most recent amendments include stricter penalties for businesses that fail to comply with Arabic language requirements.
- Penalties: The law now includes imprisonment for up to two years and a fine ranging from 3,000 to 1,000,000 Qatari Riyals for violating the provisions related to Arabic language usage.
- Option for Reconciliation: Despite these penalties, Article 22 of the law allows for reconciliation in certain cases before criminal proceedings are finalized. This allows violators to settle the matter by paying a fine that is double the minimum penalty.
Conclusion
Qatar’s legislation in Arabic reflects the nation’s strong dedication to preserving and promoting the Arabic language. From the Qatari Arabic used in official documents and courts to the laws protecting the language in various sectors like consumer protection, Qatar stands as a model for safeguarding its linguistic heritage.
As a nation, Qatar’s emphasis on using Arabic in legal contexts, business transactions, and government communications ensures that Arabic continues to thrive as the country’s primary language, preserving its cultural and legal integrity. DR Muna Almarzouki law firm in Qatar also upholds this dedication by ensuring legal services align with the country’s linguistic and cultural framework.
Author: Mr. Mohanad Babiker, Senior Legal Consultant